types of motherboards

INTEL 945 MOTHERBOARD

types of motherboards

INTEL MOTHER BOARD 

asus motherboard

Introduction to motherboards

The primary component of a computer is the motherboard (sometimes called the "main board"). The motherboard is the hub which is used to connect all of the computer's essential components. 

contents of motherboard

Mother board: -

      Motherboard is an important component of the computer. It contains and connects all parts of the computer. Motherboard controls everything.

      These are available in different types and different sizes.

      It contains 12 main sections. They are: -

1.      C.P.U and control unit

2.      Clock and control unit

3.      Direct memory access (DMA)

4.      Program interrupt control

5.      Programmable peripheral controller (PPC)

6.      Program interval time (PIT)

7.      Parity section

8.      Duel input (DIP) switch

9.      RAM & ROM

10.  Input output slots

11.  Bus controller

12.  Speaker section

system restore files

 EXAMPLES FOR A BACKUP & RESTORE:

  1. BACKUP C:\basic\*.* A:  In the above example, a backup copy of the all the files in

                                       c:\basic will be created in the disk in drive A:

  2.  BACKUP C:\basic\*.* A: /s :    In the above example, a backup copy of the a;; the files and also the sub- 

                                                          Directories in C:\basic will be created in the disk in drive A:

        3.  BACKUP C:\basic\*.* A: /m:   The /m indicates that only the files that have been modified since the last

                                                                Backup are to backed up. This is possible because of an indicator set by  

                                                               

    DOS whenever the file is written.

       4.  BACKUP C:basic\*.* A:/d :      The /d can be used to backup0 files written on or after the specified date.

       5.  RESTORE A:basic\*.DAT :      In the above example, all the files will be restored.

       6.  RESTORE A:\bacis\*.DAT/s:    The parameter/s causes files in all sub-directories including the files

                                                                in the Specified directory to be restored.

      7.  RESTORE A:\basic\*.DAT/p:  The /p parameter causes RESTORE to prompt you before restoring files

                                                        That has changed since they were last backed up.

  

system cabinet contains

CABINATE: -

                        Computer cabinets are available in two types.

1.      Minicomputer (vertical)

2.      Desktop (horizontal)

Mini tower type cabinet is like a tower where as the desktop type is a box

                 In mini tower, monitor is kept near the C.P.U.

In desktop type, monitor is kept on the C.P.U

                        On the front side of the cabinet some switches & LED’s are fixed. They a

When the computer switch is on this LED light’s up.

Internal Commands of system 

DIR Directory Commands are given below:
Sl.No.	Command	Function	Usage
1	DIR	By using this command to display files and folders in               particular drive.	DIR press Enter.
2	DIR <Drive>	List all files from the current directory of drive mentioned.	DIR A: Enter> DIR C: Enter>
3	DIR<Drive>/<Directory>	List all files present in the Subdirectory of the drive mentioned.	DIRA:\msoffice <Enter>
4	DIR<*.extension>	Lists all fields with the extension DOC present in the current drive.	DIR*.DOC <Enter>
5	DIR / P	By using this command to display files and directories In the Page.	DIR/P press Enter.
6	DIR/W	To display files and directories in width wise.	DIR/W
7	DIR/ah	To Display the hidden files present in the DIR/ah Directory	DIR/ah
8	DIR / ON	By using this command to display files and Directories in ascending order by name wise.	DIR/ON – Enter
9	DIR / O-N	To display files and directories in descending order By name wise.	DIR / O-N press Enter.
10	DIR / OS	To Display files and directories  lowest size to  Highest size	DIR/ OS press Enter.
11	DIR / O-S	To display files and directories highest size to Lowest size.	DIR /O-S press Enter.
12	DIR/OD	To Display files and directories old data to new data.	DIR/OD press Enter.
13	DIR/O-D	To Display files and directories new data to old data.	DIR/O-D Press Enter.
14	DIR/OG	To Display files and directories in group wise.	DIR/OG press Enter.
15	DIR/O-G	To Display files and directories.	DIR/O-G press Enter.
16	DIR / OE	To Display files and directories in Extension wise.	DIR / OE press Enter
17	DIR/AD	To display only directories.	DIR /AD press Enter.
18	DIR/ A-D	To Display only files.	DIR / A-D press Enter.
19	DIR/ AR	To Display read only files.	DIR/AR press Enter.
20	DIR/AS	To Display only system files.	DIR/AS Press Enter.
21	COPY CON	By using this command you can create files in MS-DOS. Syntax  : copy con filename.extention	EX :- copy con Zameer.txt press (Enter)
22	COPY	To copy 1 file to another file you can use this Command copy source target.	EX: - copy old filename new filename (Harini, Infosys).
23	REN (Rename )	By using this command you can change files or folders names.  Ren old file name new file name.	EX:- Run Sony china (Harini ,Infosys)
24	Delete	By using this command you can delete files in MS-DOS. DEL file name.	Del china (Infosys)
25	MD (make Directory )	By using this command you can create a directory in MS- DOS.	MD Directory name. EX:- CD India.
26	CD ( Change Directory )	To change one directory to another directory. You can use this command.CD, directory name.	EX:- CD India
27	RD (Remove directory )	By using this command you can Remove a Directory in MS-DOS.	RD directory name.  EX:- RD INDIA.
28	NOTE	By using Recommend to delete a directory it must be Empty.	NOTE Enter
29	RD - Drive - Directory name	Used it relive a directory. If you want to remove a directory, first make sure that all the files and sub-directories. Under it are removed.	RD new files – Enter
30	Type - Drive - Directory - File Name.	Displays the contents of a text file. If the file I not a text file, then junk characters will be displayed.	Type my file.tex - Enter.
31	VER - Enter	Displays the Version of Dos	VER - Enter.