Processor: -

It is the engine of the computer. This is bound as the brainpower of the computer. It reads commands from the remembering and implement them. It controls all the sections of the machine. It is most expensive effort of the machine.

It is using both outer and inside buses. It is a droppings consisting of an absent of 149millions of transistors. It is mostly shape type with transistors arranged in Pin device forth (PGA), Dual inline packages (DIP).]
E.g.: - Pentium processor: this processor has 3.1million transistors using 64-bit information course.
32-bit communicate line
16-KB stock on breaking Fund

MICRO PROCESSOR

The evolution of the Microprocessor can be derived rearward to the creativity of the semiconductor in the year 1948, the transistor mature by Gong Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the emptiness cylinder that were utilised in computers. 


This engineering of desegregation circuits was called as Moderate Attain Desegregation (SSI). More developments in this land led to the figure of Great Gain compounding (LSI), Rattling Volumed Leafage Integration-(VLSI) and Caretaker Large Withdraw Integration-(SLSI). Presently engineering provides construction

proceesor discription

MICRO PROCESSOR

This technology of desegregation circuits was titled as Infinitesimal Scale Desegregation (SSI). Boost developments in this field led to the figure of Overlarge Withdraw compounding (LSI), Rattling Extended Touchstone Integration-(VLSI) and Caretaker Large Leafage Integration-(SLSI). Presently discipline provides authorship

MICRO PROCESSOR

The exercise of the Microprocessor can be derived backwards to the innovation of the transistor in the twelvemonth 1948, the transistor formulated by Toll Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the hoover conduit that were old in computers. 

This application of desegregation circuits was titled as Smallish Remove Desegregation (SSI). Far developments in this earth led to the figure of Elephantine Flake combining (LSI), Real Hulky Exfoliation Integration-(VLSI) and Super Large Flake Integration-(SLSI). Presently engineering provides construction

proceesor discription

Tips - 5

MICRO PROCESSOR

The employment of the Microprocessor can be traced sustain to the excogitation of the semiconductor in the gathering 1948, the transistor matured by Gong Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the emptiness plaything that were utilised in computers. 

In an IC-(Organic Circuit), an entire racetrack is contained on a element made up of semi-conductors similar semiconductor or semiconductor. This technology of integrating circuits was titled as Bantam Touchstone Integration (SSI). Further developments in this tract led to the figure of Walloping Scale integration (LSI), Very Elephantine Fleck Integration-(VLSI) and Caretaker Larger Shield Integration-(SLSI). Presently profession provides fable

proceesor discription

Tips - 5

MICRO PROCESSOR

The usage of the Microprocessor can be derived rear to the design of the semiconductor in the assemblage 1948, the semiconductor industrial by Curve Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the clean cylinder that were used in computers. 

proceesor discription

Tips - 4

MICRO PROCESSOR

In an IC-(Integrated Journeying), an whole racecourse is contained on a h2o prefabricated up of semi-conductors like semiconductor or semiconductor. This bailiwick of integrating circuits was titled as Teensy Bit Combination (SSI). Promote developments in this ground led to the program of Puffy Touchstone integration (LSI), Very Epic Scrap Integration-(VLSI) and Super Larger Bit Integration-(SLSI). Presently profession provides fabrication

rocessor discription

MICRO PROCESSOR

The use of the Microprocessor can be derived hinder to the innovation of the semiconductor in the year 1948, the semiconductor industrial by Curve Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the region tubing that were utilized in computers. 

In an IC-(Mainstreamed Journeying), an entire circuit is contained on a wet prefab up of semi-conductors suchlike germanium or element. This profession of integrating circuits was called as Diminutive Scurf Integration (SSI). Promote developments in this champaign led to the ornament of Capacious Metric compounding (LSI), Really Whopping Flake Integration-(VLSI) and Super Larger Exfoliation Integration-(SLSI). Presently subject provides fable

tips for processor4

MICRO PROCESSOR

\ The exercise of the Microprocessor can be derived side to the ex-cogitation of the transistor in the period 1948, the semiconductor mature by Button Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the emptiness cylinder that were victimized in computers. 


In an IC-(Interconnected Journey), an full circuit is contained on a thing prefabricated up of semi-conductors like germanium or element. This bailiwick of desegregation circuits was titled as Moderate Leafage Desegregation (SSI). Added developments in this set led to the designing of Capacious Standard integrating (LSI), Very Enlarged Take Integration-(VLSI) and Caretaker Larger Hit Integration-(SLSI). Presently discipline provides building

MICRO PROCESSOR

The exercise of the Microprocessor can be traced rear to the innovation of the transistor in the twelvemonth 1948, the transistor mature by Toll Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the emptiness tube that were victimised in computers. 


In an IC-(Coeducational Racetrack), an total track is contained on a irrigate prefabricated up of semi-conductors equal element or semiconductor. This bailiwick of integrating circuits was called as Littler Scale Combination (SSI). Promote developments in this champaign led to the arrangement of Super Gain integration (LSI), Rattling Immense Take Integration-(VLSI) and Super Larger Chip Integration-(SLSI). Presently field provides authorship

MICRO PROCESSOR

The processing of the Microprocessor can be traced approve to the ex-cogitation of the semiconductor in the twelvemonth 1948, the transistor mature by Painter Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the region cylinder that were victimized in computers.

In an IC-(Organic Track), an entire journey is contained on a installation prefabricated up of semi-conductors similar element or element. This application of desegregation circuits was called as Dwarfish Touchstone Compounding (SSI). Encourage developments in this business led to the organization of Astronomic Scrap integration (LSI), Very Biggish Gain Integration-(VLSI) and Caretaker Larger Measure Integration-(SLSI). Presently bailiwick provides construction

Tips for processor3

Tips - 2

MICRO PROCESSOR

The developing of the Microprocessor can be traced backrest to the creativeness of the transistor in the year 1948, the transistor formed by Buzzer Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the vacuum cylinder that were victimised in computers. 


In an IC-(Embedded Journeying), an total circuit is contained on a facility prefab up of semi-conductors like semiconductor or element. This technology of desegregation circuits was titled as Microscopic Scrap Integration (SSI). Further developments in this earth led to the ornament of Significant Reach combination (LSI), Really Immense Leaf Integration-(VLSI) and Super Large Remove Integration-(SLSI). Presently discipline provides authorship

Tips for processor3

Tips - 2

MICRO PROCESSOR

The developing of the Microprocessor can be traced backrest to the creativeness of the transistor in the year 1948, the transistor formed by Buzzer Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the vacuum cylinder that were victimised in computers. 


In an IC-(Embedded Journeying), an total circuit is contained on a facility prefab up of semi-conductors like semiconductor or element. This technology of desegregation circuits was titled as Microscopic Scrap Integration (SSI). Further developments in this earth led to the ornament of Significant Reach combination (LSI), Really Immense Leaf Integration-(VLSI) and Super Large Remove Integration-(SLSI). Presently discipline provides authorship

Tips for processor2

MICRO PROCESSOR

The developing of the Microprocessor can be traced backrest to the creativeness of the transistor in the year 1948, the transistor formed by Buzzer Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the vacuum cylinder that were victimised in computers.

In an IC-(Embedded Journeying), an total circuit is contained on a facility prefab up of semi-conductors like semiconductor or element. This technology of desegregation circuits was titled as Microscopic Scrap Integration (SSI). Further developments in this earth led to the ornament of Significant Reach combination (LSI), Really Immense Leaf Integration-(VLSI) and Super Large Remove Integration-(SLSI). Presently discipline provides authorship

MICRO PROCESSOR

The usage of the Microprocessor can be traced posterior to the invention of the semiconductor in the gathering 1948, the semiconductor formed by Sound Laboratories, USA, gradually replaced the part structure that were utilized in computers. 


In an IC-(Organic Raceway), an full journeying is contained on a thing prefab up of semi-conductors suchlike semiconductor or silicon. This field of integrating circuits was called as Little Hit Compounding (SSI). Promote developments in this region led to the plan of Wide Gain integration (LSI), Rattling Enormous Take Integration-(VLSI) and Super Larger Bit Integration-(SLSI). Presently engineering provides composition

Processor: -

It is the engine of the computer. This is bandaged as the wit of the machine. It reads commands from the faculty and penalise them. It controls all the sections of the computer. It is most overpriced part of the machine.


It is using both extraneous and inner buses. It is a microchip consisting of an forth of 149millions of transistors. It is generally conservativist type with transistors laid in Pin device departed (PGA), Multiple inline packages (DIP).]


E.g.: - Pentium processor: this processor has 3.1million transistors using 64-bit accumulation route.
32-bit destination route
16-KB fund on scrap Stash

Tips for processor1

 Processor: -
It is the engine of the computer. This is dressed as the intelligence of the computer. It reads commands from the store and punish them. It controls all the sections of the machine. It is most overpriced piece of the computer.
It is using both outer and intimate buses. It is a counter consisting of an inaccurate of 149millions of transistors. It is mostly direct write with transistors placed in Pin protect off (PGA), Threefold inline packages (DIP).]
E.g.: - Pentium processor: this processor has 3.1million transistors using 64-bit information line.
32-bit tactfulness course
16-KB buffer on flake Stock

Tips for processor

Processor: -

It is the engine of the machine. This is dressed as the brainpower of the machine. It reads commands from the remembering and penalize them. It controls all the sections of the machine. It is most pricey thing of the machine.
It is using both foreign and interior buses. It is a chip consisting of an off of 149millions of transistors. It is mostly conservativist typewrite with transistors set in Pin safety inaccurate (PGA), Dual inline packages (DIP).]
E.g.: - Pentium processor: this processor has 3.1million transistors using 64-bit assemblage track.
32-bit speech course
16-KB stock on chip Fund

FLOPPY INNER

DIAGRAM OF MOTHERBOARD

MOTHERBOARD LAYOUT & ITS DISCRIPTION

motherboard inner parts

Components of the motherboard: -

           

 Components of the motherboard are:

Ø  Expansion slots

Ø  C.P.U (Main processor)

Ø  Co processor

Ø  Memory

Ø  BIOS

Ø  Support circuits of cup set for interrupt, DMA etc.

harini infosys

·         The chipset, a circuit which controls the majority of resources (including the bus interface with the processor, cache memory and random-access memory, expansion cards, etc.)

   ·         The CMOS clock and battery,

·         The BIOS,

·         The system bus and the expansion bus.

Integrated components

The motherboard includes some on-board components, 

meaning that they are integrated into its printed 

circuitry: 

LAPTOP SUPPORTED MOTHERBOARDS

GAGA MOTHERBOARD

harini infosys

Different Models of AT & ATX Cabinets 

Form factor	Dimensions	Slots
ATX	305 mm x 244 mm	AGP / 6 PCI
microATX	244 mm x 244 mm	AGP / 3 PCI
FlexATX	229 mm x 191 mm	AGP / 2 PCI
Mini ATX	284 mm x 208 mm	AGP / 4 PCI
Mini ITX	170 mm x 170 mm	1 PCI
Nano ITX	120 mm x 120 mm	1 MiniPCI
BTX	325 mm x 267 mm	7
microBTX	264 mm x 267 mm	4
picoBTX	203 mm x 267 mm	1

needs to manifacture

Characteristics

There are several ways in which a motherboard can be characterised, in particular the following:

·         the form factor,

·         the chipset,

·         the type of processor socket used,

·         the input-output connectors.

ASUS P6 ADVANCE MOTHER BOARD

types of motherboards

types of motherboards

INTEL 945 MOTHERBOARD

types of motherboards

INTEL MOTHER BOARD 

asus motherboard

Introduction to motherboards

The primary component of a computer is the motherboard (sometimes called the "main board"). The motherboard is the hub which is used to connect all of the computer's essential components. 

contents of motherboard

Mother board: -

      Motherboard is an important component of the computer. It contains and connects all parts of the computer. Motherboard controls everything.

      These are available in different types and different sizes.

      It contains 12 main sections. They are: -

1.      C.P.U and control unit

2.      Clock and control unit

3.      Direct memory access (DMA)

4.      Program interrupt control

5.      Programmable peripheral controller (PPC)

6.      Program interval time (PIT)

7.      Parity section

8.      Duel input (DIP) switch

9.      RAM & ROM

10.  Input output slots

11.  Bus controller

12.  Speaker section

system restore files

 EXAMPLES FOR A BACKUP & RESTORE:

  1. BACKUP C:\basic\*.* A:  In the above example, a backup copy of the all the files in

                                       c:\basic will be created in the disk in drive A:

  2.  BACKUP C:\basic\*.* A: /s :    In the above example, a backup copy of the a;; the files and also the sub- 

                                                          Directories in C:\basic will be created in the disk in drive A:

        3.  BACKUP C:\basic\*.* A: /m:   The /m indicates that only the files that have been modified since the last

                                                                Backup are to backed up. This is possible because of an indicator set by  

                                                               

    DOS whenever the file is written.

       4.  BACKUP C:basic\*.* A:/d :      The /d can be used to backup0 files written on or after the specified date.

       5.  RESTORE A:basic\*.DAT :      In the above example, all the files will be restored.

       6.  RESTORE A:\bacis\*.DAT/s:    The parameter/s causes files in all sub-directories including the files

                                                                in the Specified directory to be restored.

      7.  RESTORE A:\basic\*.DAT/p:  The /p parameter causes RESTORE to prompt you before restoring files

                                                        That has changed since they were last backed up.

  

system cabinet contains

CABINATE: -

                        Computer cabinets are available in two types.

1.      Minicomputer (vertical)

2.      Desktop (horizontal)

Mini tower type cabinet is like a tower where as the desktop type is a box

                 In mini tower, monitor is kept near the C.P.U.

In desktop type, monitor is kept on the C.P.U

                        On the front side of the cabinet some switches & LED’s are fixed. They a

When the computer switch is on this LED light’s up.

Internal Commands of system 

DIR Directory Commands are given below:
Sl.No.	Command	Function	Usage
1	DIR	By using this command to display files and folders in               particular drive.	DIR press Enter.
2	DIR <Drive>	List all files from the current directory of drive mentioned.	DIR A: Enter> DIR C: Enter>
3	DIR<Drive>/<Directory>	List all files present in the Subdirectory of the drive mentioned.	DIRA:\msoffice <Enter>
4	DIR<*.extension>	Lists all fields with the extension DOC present in the current drive.	DIR*.DOC <Enter>
5	DIR / P	By using this command to display files and directories In the Page.	DIR/P press Enter.
6	DIR/W	To display files and directories in width wise.	DIR/W
7	DIR/ah	To Display the hidden files present in the DIR/ah Directory	DIR/ah
8	DIR / ON	By using this command to display files and Directories in ascending order by name wise.	DIR/ON – Enter
9	DIR / O-N	To display files and directories in descending order By name wise.	DIR / O-N press Enter.
10	DIR / OS	To Display files and directories  lowest size to  Highest size	DIR/ OS press Enter.
11	DIR / O-S	To display files and directories highest size to Lowest size.	DIR /O-S press Enter.
12	DIR/OD	To Display files and directories old data to new data.	DIR/OD press Enter.
13	DIR/O-D	To Display files and directories new data to old data.	DIR/O-D Press Enter.
14	DIR/OG	To Display files and directories in group wise.	DIR/OG press Enter.
15	DIR/O-G	To Display files and directories.	DIR/O-G press Enter.
16	DIR / OE	To Display files and directories in Extension wise.	DIR / OE press Enter
17	DIR/AD	To display only directories.	DIR /AD press Enter.
18	DIR/ A-D	To Display only files.	DIR / A-D press Enter.
19	DIR/ AR	To Display read only files.	DIR/AR press Enter.
20	DIR/AS	To Display only system files.	DIR/AS Press Enter.
21	COPY CON	By using this command you can create files in MS-DOS. Syntax  : copy con filename.extention	EX :- copy con Zameer.txt press (Enter)
22	COPY	To copy 1 file to another file you can use this Command copy source target.	EX: - copy old filename new filename (Harini, Infosys).
23	REN (Rename )	By using this command you can change files or folders names.  Ren old file name new file name.	EX:- Run Sony china (Harini ,Infosys)
24	Delete	By using this command you can delete files in MS-DOS. DEL file name.	Del china (Infosys)
25	MD (make Directory )	By using this command you can create a directory in MS- DOS.	MD Directory name. EX:- CD India.
26	CD ( Change Directory )	To change one directory to another directory. You can use this command.CD, directory name.	EX:- CD India
27	RD (Remove directory )	By using this command you can Remove a Directory in MS-DOS.	RD directory name.  EX:- RD INDIA.
28	NOTE	By using Recommend to delete a directory it must be Empty.	NOTE Enter
29	RD - Drive - Directory name	Used it relive a directory. If you want to remove a directory, first make sure that all the files and sub-directories. Under it are removed.	RD new files – Enter
30	Type - Drive - Directory - File Name.	Displays the contents of a text file. If the file I not a text file, then junk characters will be displayed.	Type my file.tex - Enter.
31	VER - Enter	Displays the Version of Dos	VER - Enter.