2. WORKING WITH OPERATING SYSTEM
Objectives:
· About Operating System (O.S)
· Brief history of OS
· Internal and External Commands
· About Windows-95
· About Windows XP Service Pack-2
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
system required components
System Components: -
Component needed to assemble a basic modern PC system
1. Motherboard
2. Processor
3. Memory
4. Hard disk
5. CD-ROM
6. Floppy drive
7. Keyboard
8. Mouse
9. Monitor
10. Power supply
11. Cabinet
harini infosys
Advance systems of the AT class system are: -
16/32-bit ps/2 micro channel architecture (MCA) bus.
16-bit pc card (PCMCIA) bus.
PCMCIA-Personal Computer Micro Channel Internal Architecture.
16-bit ISA bus
16/32-bit extended ISA (EISA) has
32/64-bit card peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus
system configurations
System Types: -
We can classify systems into four categories as on today.
8-bit system- 8085 microprocessor
16-bit system- 8086, 286, 386 microprocessor
32-bit system- 486 Pentium-I
64-bit system- Pentium II
Pentium-II series is of two types. i.e.,
8-bit PC/XT class
16/32/64 AT class system
PC/XT- personal computer extended
AT- advance technology
Monday, November 28, 2011
Sunday, November 27, 2011
introduction of computer
Super computers: -
These are the fastest computers in the world. Their processing speed is million times faster than normal computer. The cot of these computers is very very high. The storage capacity of these is high. At a time 10,000 computers can share the information through the super computers.
E.g.: - They are used in defense, Automic, Forecasting, satellites, etc.,
Mainframe computer: -
A mainframe computer is a large expensive machine, which can be shared by more than 400 other computers at a time. Storage capacity of mainframe computer is more than a mini computer. The processing speed is also very high comparatively with mini computers. A mainframe computer is used for the data processing requirements of an entire organization.
E.g.: - these are used in airlines booking railway reservations, banking, weather forecasting
introduction of computers
Minicomputer: -
Mini computer are having more storage capacity and processor speed than Microcomputer. These mini computers are used in small business units
E.g.: -research groups, engineering design firms and educational institutions
introduction of computer
Micro computers: -
Microcomputers are also called as a personal computer or P.C. It has a processor based on a single silicon chip. This microcomputer comes in different types or sizes.
Pocket computer or pocket p.c
Lap P.C.’s and
Desktop P.C.’s
E.g.: - IBM, COMPAQ, HCL and DELL.
models of computers
Types of computer systems:
Microcomputer
Minicomputer
Mainframe computer
Supercomputer
details of computers
3>Firm Ware/Live Ware: -
The user of the computer is called live ware.
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Analog Digital Hybrid Computer |
Mainframe Mini Micro Super
Notebook P.C. Desktop
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PC PC-XT PC-AT
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AT AT AT AT
286 386 486 Pentium Series
Descriptions of apllication softwares
Application soft ware is an instruction given to the users E.g: - MS Word
MS Excel
MS Access
MS Power Point
Maya, 3-D Max,
Photoshop, etc,.
importance of computers
1. Generally where do we use the computers?
A. The major areas where computers have established their utilities are.
1. Business and industries
2. Science and technology
3. Education
4. Government organization
5. Desktop publishing
6. Sports
7. Movies
8. Music
9. Defense
10. Airlines
Saturday, November 26, 2011
software details
1>System soft Ware: -
There are the instructions to the computer hard ware written in machine language.
E.g: - Operating System Single User Multiple Users
Compliers
Translators
computer system operation method
Computer systems: -
The major components of computer system are
1. Hard ware
2. Soft ware
3. Live ware (or) firm ware
Hard Ware: -
The physical components which we can see and touch and feed in the computer system are called hard ware.
Computer
Primary storage
Secondary storage
Input devices
Output devices
Soft Ware: -
It is an instruction that tells the computer to perform a task.
It is of two types
1. System soft ware
2. Application soft ware
Descriptions of computers
Types of Computers:
Analog Computers: -
It recognizes data as a continuous measurement of a physical property
1. Auto mobile Speedo meter
2. A furnace thermo stat
Digital Computers: -
Digital computers are high speed; programmable electronic devices that perform mathematical calculations compare values and store the results. They recognize data by counting discrete signals either a high “on” or low (off) voltage state of electricity, numbers and special symbols can be reduced to representation by 1’s(on) and 0’s(off).
A=01000001
B=01000010
C=01000011
1. Describe about the types of computers?
A. A computer is simply a tool to use for people.
A. A computer is simply a tool to use for people.
It is a machine that can solve any problem by accepting data, perform, certain operations on the data and presenting result of those operations.
Depending on the logic it uses.
A computer is generally classified into two types.
1. Analog computers
2. Digital computers
personal computers
IBM Personal Computer: IBM developed PC “personal Computer” in 1981. A personal computer is small in size and can be used anywhere and by anyone.
Definition of Computer System: Now, you would hardly find an area of modern living that is not yet touched by the computer. If it has become indispensable for critical areas of information technology, telecommunication, defense preparedness, medical and space research, it is equally adept at handling with lightning speed mundane tasks like railway booking, electricity billing and online shopping.
about generations of computers
1. What are the five generations of computers?
A. Generation of Computers
A. Generation of Computers
Five generation of computers
1) 1st generation [1951-58]: - 1st generation of computers uses the vacuum tubes, low memory of the computer and slow processing.
2) 2nd generation [1958-64]: - vacuum tubes replaced with transistors. To improve the computer memory and speed.
3) 3rd generation [1964-71]: - Transistors replaced with IC (Instigated circuits) to improve the computer memory and speed and install computer languages.
4) 4th Generation [1971-82]: - IC replaced with LSIC (Large scale instigated circuits).
5) 5th Generation [1982-onwords]: - LSIC replaced with VLSIC (very large scale instigated circuits). To improve the computer memory and speed.
Friday, November 25, 2011
HISTORY OF COMPUTER FATHER
Who Invented Computers?
Charles Babbage, an English mathematician,
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| CHARLES BABBAGE |
philosopher and inventor, is considered as the father of ‘programmable computers’. His first computer, which was completed, was the Difference Engine. It came out in the 1820s. The word ‘computer’ was used in the 16th century to denote a person who performed calculations. It was only in the 19th century that ‘computer’ got its modern sense of meaning.
Babbage was orn in London, England on 25 December, 1792 to Benjamin Babbage and Betsy Plumleigh. He was sent to a country school in Alphington at the age of eight. He also attended King Edward VI Grammar School and Holmwood Academy. In 1812, he was transferred to Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was a top mathematician there. It is said that he received his honoree degree without passing an examination. Babbage was married to Georgiana Whitmore on 25 July, 1814. The couple had eight children.
To define a computer is a complex phenomenon and therefore, some critics argue why a abacus or slide rule or astrolabe or William Schikard’s calculator etc. is not considered as the first computer. Those devices could also perform calculations, the critics say. The debate is endless but experts normally agree on the Difference Engine as the first computer in the modern sense of the word. Babbage worked for ten years on his ‘Difference Engine’ but gave up the idea later. It is said that he lost interest because he had a better computer ‘Analytical Engine’ in mind. Most of his designs were never materialized. The main reasons included funding problems and lack of enthusiasm and support from contemporaries.CHARLES BABBAGE: The real beginning of computers, as we know them today, started with the efforts of mathematics professor Charles Babbage of Britain. Son of a banker father, Babbage was very intelligent in his childhood itself. He was excellent in mathematics. In 1821, Babbage invented a machine known as the Difference Engine to perform mathematical calculations. Soon, he began to work on the new Machine, and in1856 he succeeded in developing it. The new machine was named the Analytical Engine. Due to his contribution in the field of computers, Charles Babbage is also known as father of Modern Compute
computers meaning
1. Abbreviation of Computer?
A. Expancation of Computer: -
C à Commonly
A. Expancation of Computer: -
C à CommonlyO à Operating
M à Machine
P à Particularly
U à Used for
T à Teaching and Training
E à Educational
R à Research
Commonly Operating Machine Particularly used for Teaching and Training Educational Research Leads to Computer
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